doc: update devcontainer.json and add documentation

[joyeecheung]

The previous .devcontainer.json configuration was outdated and contained personal configurations that were not needed to run a dev container. This updates the structure so that it's put in .devcontainer/base/devcontainer.json based on the recommended setup in GitHub's documentation. The official image now publishes both arm64 and amd64 images, and devcontainer tools should be able to pick up the right one without extra arguments.

This also adds documentation on how to use the container.

I've also recorded a screencast on how to use the dev container to build a development branch in the Linux container from a macOS host without having to build V8 from scratch, and to test third party code installed from npm using the development branch build in the container: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3NwaA67jnB0

Refs: https://github.com/nodejs/devcontainer
Refs: https://hub.docker.com/r/nodejs/devcontainer
Refs: https://docs.github.com/en/codespaces/setting-up-your-project-for-codespaces/adding-a-dev-container-configuration/introduction-to-dev-containers#devcontainerjson

[nodejs-github-bot]

Review requested:

• @nodejs/tsc